Wireless is
a great choice for a home network. Physically awkward or nearly impossible
connections between computers become easy through a wireless network. But
wireless comes with its own brand of security worries.
Wireless computers and routers use radio waves to communicate. Those waves are
sometimes strong enough to carry outside your house. If your network is
unprotected, your information is begging to be hacked.
Many intruders already know this. They'll drive through neighborhoods searching
for stray signals with radio equipment. With the right information, they could
access your networked computers and files. They could even borrow your Internet
connection.
Hackers search for people who use the default factory settings. Default
settings are published in thousands of user manuals just like yours. It's
basically public information. You can protect your network by reconfiguring
your wireless router.
But most folks don't even know how to change the router's settings. I'm going
to put you on the right track. The descriptions that follow are general,
because different brands require different steps.
Finding your router's settings
Most wireless routers are configured through a browser such as Internet
Explorer. First, you need to connect your wireless router to a computer. Yes,
you're already connected through your network. You can otherwise connect
directly with an Ethernet cable. Ethernet cables look like telephone cords with
large-sized plugs.
Now open your Internet browser. To communicate with the router, you'll need its
IP address. You can find this in your manual under a heading like
"configuration setup" or "manual configuration." Most
routers, for example, have an IP address like 192.168.0.1.
Treat that number as a Web address. Type it directly into your Internet
browser's address bar. You'll then be prompted for a user name and password.
These will also be listed in your manual.
Finally, you'll see your router's configuration tool. It looks a lot like an ordinary
Web page. Now, let's work on security.
Changing your router's settings
Wireless router default settings often disregard security. That's because low
security makes it forgiving and easy to install. But now you can eliminate the
risky downside of easy installation. Here are my suggestions to ratchet up your
settings. Different brands put these settings under different menus. But you
should be able to find each without trouble.
• Turn on WEP security. WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) is basic encryption for
your network. Usually you can choose from encryption levels like 64-bit or
128-bit. Choose the highest number available. You'll also see the WEP key or
network key. The key looks like a string of random letters and numbers. It's
the secret that decodes the WEP encryption. But the one you see is a default.
Hackers are already familiar with it, which makes the encryption meaningless.
• Change the key. You might have the option of using ASCII (regular letters) or
hexadecimal. Go with hexadecimal for less trouble in the long run. Most routers
let you type in a word and then use your word to make a hexadecimal key. You
can also find online tools that produce new keys with this method. Just do a
search for WEP key generators. Whatever you do, be sure to write down your key.
You'll need it in a minute.
• But WEP is an old system. A more secure encryption is provided by WPA (Wi-Fi
Protected Access). You may see WPA as an option. If so, use it instead of WEP.
WPA setup is similar to WEP. If you're asked for an authentication type, choose
WPA-PSK (pre-shared key). WPA also lets you type in a word to make your key.
After you create the key, be sure to write it down.
• Change your network SSID. The SSID (service set identifier) is your network's
name. Avoid using your name or passwords from other programs. You'll also need
this new SSID in a minute.
• Turn off SSID broadcast. Otherwise, your router will give away your new SSID.
• Turn off remote management. This feature lets you change the router's
settings from anywhere on the Internet. It's excessive risk for a home network.
• Change your password for the router. Anything is better than the default
password that you found in the manual. But again, avoid obvious words or
passwords you use elsewhere.
Changing your computers' settings
You're finished with the wireless router. But your computers don't know what
you've done. You'll have to update them with the information that you wrote
down. Here's what to do for each computer you've got on the network:
Click Start>>Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. Right-click
Wireless Network Connection. Select Properties from the pop-up menu. Select the
Wireless Networks tab. Under "Preferred networks," click the Add
button. In the box labeled "Network name (SSID)," enter your new
SSID.
Click the box labeled "Data encryption." Select WEP from the
drop-down menu. If you've used WPA instead, select WPA. Enter the key you wrote
down into the box labeled "Network key." You'll have to enter it
twice to confirm it. Then make sure that the checkbox labeled "The key is
provided for me automatically" is not marked. Finally, click OK>>OK.
Windows 98 and Me do not have built-in wireless networking. All of the wireless
menu options are provided by your wireless adapter software. Each brand
implements their features differently. But most should add wireless options to
the same place.
Click Start>>Settings>>Control Panel. Double-click Network. Select
the Configuration tab. Highlight your wireless adapter from the list. Then
click the Properties button. There you should be able to find options to enter
your new SSID and network key.
And that's all there is too it! Well, OK, it takes a while to get it done. But
these little changes make you a less attractive target for hackers. And if your
neighbors were secretly using your Internet, they've just lost their connection.